Monday, December 28, 2009

What happened to Medicare?

Monday, December 28, 2009 0
If you receive a paycheck, you pay Medicare, right? Medicare is currently in trouble due to an expected shortfall of revenues to cover increased spending as more and more of the baby boomers become eligible for Medicare. Well, what happened to all of our Medicare dollars that should easily cover current spending with enough left over to defend against possible future shortfalls?

For those of you unfamiliar with the Medicare program, Medicare is by far the best insurance option for those eligible, as Medicare offers the widest choice of providers with reasonable premiums and deductibles, while federal law insures that all providers must adhere to the Medicare reimbursement schedule for anyone over 65 (including those that "opt out"), and providers must perform the footwork for reimbursement of medical goods and services, which keeps the patient from having to attempt to navigate the confusing system of automated phone systems favored by all insurances. Medicare also reimburses providers at an average of 2-3 times the reimbursement rates that commercial insurances reimburse, which helps to defray higher healthcare bills and increased quality of medical care for everyone in the provider's office. Also, for those of you who think that Medicare is a government run plan, Medicare divides the country into districts which are administered by commercial insurances through contracts, for example: Highmark (Blue Cross) administers district J12 (MD, DE, and PA).

In 2006, Medicare spending totaled a whopping $374 billion and equaled 12% of our national budget. Throughout the years, we have been conversing about ways to reduce Medicare spending and Medicare fraud; however, the question that begs to be asked is: why can we not afford current spending? This decade, the Medicare tax on wages was 1.45% from the employee and 1.45% from the employer, and the self-employed paid a total of 1.45% after applying their Self-Employment tax credit, or, to make these statistics more meaningful, in 2006, though Medicare only spent $374 billion, over $500 billion* were collected in the name of Medicare, and this number is discluding the uncollected shares from the self-employed and those amounts not paid because taxes were not filed.

Since the amount collected annually in Medicare tax far exceeds Medicare spending, there should be no reason that we are being told that there is a shortfall in the Medicare fund, so why are we being told this? When we discuss the national deficit, we often believe that this is an amount that we owe foreign investors; however, the reality is that the majority of our national debt is to ourselves. Both Social Security and Medicare are funded through trust funds. Historically, because of the typical surplus in both trusts, the trusts are used as borrowing funds to finance other government programs. Currently, only about 1/3 of the national deficit is liable to foreign sources, and the rest is liable to Social Security and Medicare. When we are told that there is a shortfall in Medicare, this is not due to Medicare overspending, inasmuch as it is due to irresponsible spending in other programs, namely the Occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan.

So, instead of debating cost saving methods to save Medicare, shouldn't we really be discussing cost saving methods to keep from borrowing against Medicare? Shouldn't we stop blaming a well-funded program that works, and look to where the real problems lie?

*This figure was estimated by comparing the number of taxpayers in the lower 4 tax brackets and the median income in those tax brackets. This estimate is intentionally lower than what was likely actually collected; however, actual statistics on the total Medicare tax collected annually are not in the public domain.

Tuesday, December 15, 2009

Shouldn't our lives get a tax break?

Tuesday, December 15, 2009 0
We prepare thousands of taxes during the regular season, and I notice one common theme: the extreme ends of income earners take the most benefits out of taxes.

I notice that high income earners, those who earn or receive over $250,000 annually, also can take advantage of myriad benefits that result in a lower proportionate share of tax paid by the Upper Middle and Wealthy classes. Ordinarily, wages (W-2s) are taxed in incremental brackets (those with agi's over $250,000 are in the 33% bracket); however, the IRS has created benefits on Capital Gains, generally, the majority of income for those receiving more than $250,000, that allow income from Capital Gains to be taxed at the second lowest bracket, 15%. There has been a lot of talk about the scheduled increase to 20% on the Capital Gains tax, but little emphasis on how this compares to your average American's household income.

The average American's household income is $50,233, and the average American receives most income in the category of "earned income" or wages. Also, these households typically do not have more than 2% of income in the category of "unearned income" or investment/interest income. Currently, $50,233 would place the average American in the 25% bracket; however, compare that to the tax bracket of one of my wealthier clients whose net income is in excess of $325,000 (33% bracket if earned income) a year, but whose earned income is only about $50,000 (25% bracket) annually. If you calculate this situation using 2009's tax rules(ignoring itemized deductions to his income), this client will only pay $49,953 in taxes. Now, this number seems very high unless you compare that to the amount of tax, $81,609, this client would have had if he was taxed based on the brackets established for earned income. Though Capital Gains tax seems high, this client actually saves $31,656 in taxes over someone who actually gave his time and skill to earn a wage in a high paying job.

Earned income, reported on a W-2 or 1099 for services rendered, is taxed at a significantly higher rate than unearned income, income from money earned on money, for households middle class and above. For most Americans, we invest our time, experience, and knowledge or, in short, our lives to earn enough to afford our lifestyle; however, the government does not recognize that wages are compensation for our non-recoverable resources, our time and energy, as we can see when we look at the restrictive tax brackets for those who work for a living as opposed to those who simply invest.

Don't get me wrong, I am all for making smart investment decisions and I, too, take advantage of the slim tax rate on Capital Gains, but do I work as hard to maintain my business as I do in keeping track of my investment portfolio? Simply, the answer is an unequivocal NO. Do my employees, who invest their lives in my business, pay proportionately more in taxes than the wealthy elite of this country? Yes, even I pay proportionately more of my income than a CEO of a corporation who receives most of his "wage" in the form of stock options to avoid being taxed at a much higher bracket.

Now, that CEO may or may not have invested as much of his life into getting to where he is than, say, the teacher who works to educate our children. The average teacher in this state makes $54,333 (25% bracket) and has little to no investment income apart from his/her 403(b) pension plans. This teacher pays a much larger proportionate share of his income than the CEO; however, the real crime is the teacher inevitably uses a larger share of his/her income as a consumer. The fluidity of our economy is based on consumerism, which means that people have to spend money for the economy to grow. We could give money to the shareholders of a company, like a clothing store, which would allow them to reinvest the money in more stocks, and we would see their income grow exponentially over the years. On the other hand, we could give breaks to those who invest their lives in earning a wage, so that those people can spend their money at the clothing store, thereby increasing the value of the stock and giving the shareholders more money to watch increase exponentially. In short, does it make sense that those who invest their lives to earn a wage and spend money deserve less of a break than those who simply invest money on more money?

I pose the question now: Shouldn't our lives get a tax break?

Friday, December 11, 2009

Happy Holidays - Are you ready for next year?

Friday, December 11, 2009 0
Happy Holidays everyone! As the year draws to a close, and we are all reflecting back over this year and forming New Year's resolutions, it's also time to think about how to report your income for your taxes. Preparing your income taxes can be a daunting task, and we would love to help you. We have provided a few tips to help you maximize your return this year.

If you can move quickly, you can use some basic tax planning tools to reduce your 2009 business and individual income taxes. Here are some ways to save on this year's tax bill:

1. Defer Income:
If possible under your accounting method, delay the receipt of payments you are owed until after the new year.

2. Increase Business Expense:
Buy items for your business this year, with credit cards if necessary. That way you can maximize your deductions for this year. You can buy office supplies and equipment and pay some of your business bills early, such as phone service, utilities, insurance, rent, and professional subscriptions. Individually, you can pre-pay your mortgage to increase your itemized deductions.

3. Contribute to a Retirement Plan:
Make an extra contribution to your retirement plan before the end of the year.

4. Make Charitable Contributions:
donate to your favorite charity by the end of the year if you have not bumped up against the charitable contribution limits. If you have an estimate of what you have already given in 2009, we will be glad to advise you on whether or not it would be worth it to make additional donations.

5. Prepay your State and Local taxes:
If your cash flow allows it, prepay state and local taxes before the end of the year.

6. Sell stocks with lost value:
This year has been a tenuous year for the stock market. If you have stocks that are below the value you purchased and do not look like they will gain value in the foreseeable future, sell them before the end of the year. You are able to write off a loss of up to $3,000 of capital loss on your taxes and carry forward additional losses. Remember also, losses in any amount will offset any capital gains.

Information taken from Tax News,Fall 2009, published by NSTP.
 
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